Do Unitarian Universalists believe in the Bible?

When exploring the beliefs of different religious traditions, one of the most common questions that arises is about their relationship to sacred texts. For many faiths, the Bible serves as a central spiritual authority. However, Unitarian Universalism (UU) presents a unique and complex perspective. Unlike many Christian denominations, Unitarian Universalists do not hold a single scripture as infallible or universally binding.

The Foundations of Unitarian Universalism

Unitarian Universalism is a liberal religious tradition that emerged from the consolidation of two separate movements: Unitarianism and Universalism. Both traditions have roots in Christianity but diverged from orthodox teachings centuries ago, emphasizing the oneness of God (Unitarianism) and universal salvation (Universalism).

In 1961, the two merged to form the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA), which describes itself as a covenantal, rather than creedal, faith. There is no required set of beliefs or dogmas for members. Instead, UUs are united by shared principles—such as the inherent worth and dignity of every person, the free and responsible search for truth and meaning, and justice, equity, and compassion in human relations—rather than by a singular set of doctrines or scriptures.

The Place of the Bible in Unitarian Universalism

Given this foundation, the question of whether Unitarian Universalists “believe in the Bible” is more complex than it might appear. In contrast to denominations that regard the Bible as the literal word of God or the primary source of spiritual authority, UUs approach the Bible as one of many sources of inspiration, wisdom, and moral guidance.

The Unitarian Universalist Association acknowledges six sources from which UU traditions draw inspiration. The first source is “direct experience of that transcending mystery and wonder,” while the second is “words and deeds of prophetic women and men.” The Bible—along with other sacred texts like the Torah, Quran, Bhagavad Gita, and the teachings of the Buddha—falls into this second category.

Unitarian Universalists may read, study, and even revere the Bible, but they are not required to do so. It is valued as an important text that has shaped Western civilization and offers insights into the human condition, but it is not considered infallible or the sole authority on religious truth. This open approach means that attitudes toward the Bible can vary widely among individual UUs and congregations.

Historical Roots: From Christianity to Pluralism

Both Unitarianism and Universalism originated as Christian reform movements. Early Unitarians questioned the doctrine of the Trinity and emphasized rational interpretation of scripture. Universalists, meanwhile, challenged the idea of eternal damnation, focusing instead on God’s love and universal salvation. Both groups engaged deeply with the Bible but interpreted it through the lenses of reason, conscience, and evolving human understanding.

Over time, as these traditions grew more inclusive and embraced religious pluralism, their relationship with the Bible shifted. Today, while some Unitarian Universalists identify as Christian and may hold the Bible in high regard, many others draw from a broad array of religious, philosophical, and even secular sources for their spiritual guidance.

The Bible in UU Worship and Community Life

While Unitarian Universalist services often include readings from a variety of sources—poetry, philosophy, science, and diverse world religions—the Bible is still occasionally featured. A UU minister might quote the teachings of Jesus, reference the parables, or draw from the Psalms in a sermon. However, these references are typically used to illustrate a theme, provoke reflection, or connect with the broader human experience rather than to assert divine authority.

Some UU congregations celebrate Christian holidays like Christmas and Easter, but these observances tend to focus on universal themes such as hope, renewal, and love, rather than on dogmatic interpretations of biblical events. In addition, many UU congregations make space for non-Christian traditions, celebrating holidays like Yom Kippur, Diwali, or the Solstice. This inclusivity reflects the broader UU commitment to honoring diverse sources of wisdom.

Children’s religious education in UU congregations may include stories from the Bible, but these are often presented alongside myths and teachings from other cultures and religions. The goal is not to inculcate a specific set of beliefs, but to foster curiosity, understanding, and respect for the rich diversity of human spirituality.

Personal Belief and the “Free and Responsible Search”

One of the central tenets of Unitarian Universalism is the “free and responsible search for truth and meaning.” This principle gives UUs the freedom to interpret the Bible—or any other text—in ways that are personally meaningful and ethically responsible. There is no requirement to believe in the literal truth of biblical miracles, the resurrection, or even God. Instead, UUs are encouraged to engage with religious texts critically and reflectively, considering historical context, metaphorical meaning, and relevance to contemporary life.

For some UUs, the Bible is a cherished spiritual resource; for others, it is merely one text among many, valuable for its literary and historical significance. Still others may find little personal resonance in the Bible and look elsewhere for inspiration. This diversity of perspective is not just tolerated within UU circles—it is celebrated as a strength.

Critique and Appreciation: Navigating Complex Legacies

Unitarian Universalists do not shy away from acknowledging the complex and sometimes problematic legacy of the Bible. Many UUs recognize that certain passages have been used to justify oppression, exclusion, or violence throughout history. At the same time, the Bible also contains powerful messages of justice, compassion, and liberation—texts that have inspired movements for social change and individual transformation.

UU ministers and lay leaders often approach the Bible with a critical but appreciative eye. Sermons and discussions may grapple openly with difficult passages, examining them in their historical context and considering their relevance to modern ethical questions. This willingness to engage critically with sacred texts is a distinctive feature of UU spiritual life.

The Bible Amidst Many Sources

The Unitarian Universalist Association’s official statement of sources highlights the pluralistic approach to spirituality that is a hallmark of UUism. Alongside the Bible, UUs draw wisdom from the world’s religions, humanist teachings, earth-centered traditions, and personal experience. This inclusive framework allows for a rich tapestry of spiritual exploration and expression.

For example, a UU service might include a reading from the Hebrew prophets, a poem by Mary Oliver, and a meditation on Buddhist mindfulness—all woven together to explore a theme such as forgiveness or interdependence. The Bible is not elevated above other sources, but neither is it excluded. It is one thread in the larger fabric of UU spirituality.

Do Unitarian Universalists Believe in the Bible?

So, do Unitarian Universalists believe in the Bible? The most accurate answer is: it depends on the individual. There is no single, mandated belief about the Bible within Unitarian Universalism. Some UUs consider themselves Christian and embrace the Bible as central to their faith; others view it as a valuable but human document, full of insight and contradiction; still others may not engage with the Bible at all.

What unites UUs is not belief in a particular text, but a shared commitment to spiritual growth, ethical living, and the search for truth—wherever that search may lead. The Bible is welcomed as a source of wisdom and inspiration, but it is not the only one, nor is its authority considered absolute.